© Borgis - Medycyna Rodzinna 4, p. 88-95
*Julita Kulbacka, Jolanta Saczko, Agnieszka Chwiłkowska, Mateusz Ługowski, Teresa Bana¶
Fototerapia jako alternatywna metoda leczenia nowotworów
Phototherapy – an alternative anticancer treatment
Katedra i Zakład Biochemii Lekarskiej, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
Kierownik Katedry i Zakładu: prof. dr hab. Andrzej Gamian
Summary
The light is applied in the treatment since thousands years, but photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new method of anticancer therapy in which a tumor-selective photosensitizer is administered and then activated by exposure to light of the proper wavelength. PDT is applied to selective diagnosis and treatment of various malignances. Currently PDT is practical in oncology, dermatology, urology, ophthalmology and gynecology. Phototherapy is also an alternative method for cosmetology and esthetic surgery. This combined treatment leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet molecular oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and/or superoxide anions. Oxidative stress causes damage to cellular macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. PDT damages the tumor cells in very selective way, without impairing normal cells. There are main ways, that PDT affects malignant cells. The first is by the ROS, which are generated during photodynamic reaction. ROS can directly damage tumor cells with the angiogenesis arrest. Finally, PDT can activate the immunological response. These mechanisms can be involved together and be applied to controlled cancer treatment. The effects of PDT are detectable on the molecular, subcellular, cellular and tissue level. Many studies confirm that photodynamic therapy causes inactivation of mitochondrial membrane enzymes and Na/K pump. PDT induces damage of lysosomes with the simultaneously release of hydrolytic enzymes. On the tissue level we can observe the damage of tumor vessels and ischemia. Processes after PDT are very complicated and depend on many factors. The present studies point towards explanation of these mechanisms to optimize therapy conditions and to achieve the best therapeutic effect.
Key words: photodynamic therapy, oxidative stress, photosensitizer, porphyrins
Pi¶miennictwo
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otrzymano/received: 2008-10-24
zaakceptowano/accepted: 2008-10-31
Adres/address:
*Julita Kulbacka
Katedra i Zakład Biochemii Lekarskiej,
Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
ul. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wrocław
tel.: (0-71) 784 13 75
e-mail: julitab@bioch.am.wroc.pl
